Inauguration coverage has been transformed by technology.

Presidential administration changes bring about significant milestones in the media landscape.

Inauguration coverage has been transformed by technology.
Inauguration coverage has been transformed by technology.

The public's anticipation for President-elect Trump's second inauguration ceremony is high, with millions of people expected to tune in. In recent years, the way inaugurations have been presented to the public has undergone a significant transformation.

In his first inaugural address in 2017, Trump emphasized the importance of thinking and dreaming big.

In 1789, George Washington's first inaugural address was not immediately available to the public, unlike the tens of millions of people who watched his first address in real time in 2021.

On the day of his inauguration in 1801, Thomas Jefferson's speech was first published in a newspaper, the National Intelligencer, the same day he delivered it.

The Illustrated London News was the first to show a speech in a newspaper illustration, which was also the first time James Polk's address was reported by telegraph.

James Polk takes the presidential oath as he is sworn in in this illustration of his inauguration.
James Polk takes the presidential oath in this illustration of his inauguration. Polk's inauguration was the first to be published as an illustration in newspapers. (Library of Congress)

Photography became more frequently used as the main visual for inaugurations, replacing drawings, which had been used for 12 years. James Buchanan was the first president to have a photograph taken at his swearing-in. Another 40 years later, video was used to record inaugurations for the public.

In 1901, William McKinley was the first president to be filmed during his inaugural address, although only silent films were available at the time. Over time, inaugural addresses would incorporate audio.

James Buchanan's swearing in is seen in an old photograph.
James Buchanan was the first president to have a photograph taken when he was sworn into office. (Library of Congress)

In 1921, Warren Harding was the first to use loudspeakers to address the crowd attending his inauguration in person. Four years later, Calvin Coolidge was the first to have his inaugural broadcast nationally by radio. The White House Historical Association estimates his 1925 address reached more than 23 million radio listeners. Herbert Hoover gave the first multimedia inaugural. His 1929 address was the first recorded on a talking newsreel.

During his address, Hoover stated that his service to the highest office was a commitment and devotion to God, as well as a pledge to the well-being of the people.

In the aftermath of World War II, the number of Americans who owned television sets for their homes steadily increased. By 1949, most major cities had at least one local TV station, and 4.2 million American households had TV sets. Harry Truman was the first president to have his inauguration broadcast live that year. Over a decade later, John F. Kennedy's address was broadcast in color to an estimated 500,000 Americans who owned color TV sets.

During his inauguration speech, Kennedy urged the nation to focus on what they could contribute to the country rather than what the country could do for them.

Ronald Reagan aimed to make inauguration celebrations accessible to Americans nationwide through his committee's hosting of approximately 100 satellite inaugural balls, which were transmitted in 32 cities.

A view of the White House with American flags draped between columns.
Americans used to have to wait days to read a president's inaugural address in the newspaper. Today, the event can be livestreamed in real time all over the world. (Associated Press)

At the first inaugural, people arrived via stagecoach. Today, millions of Americans are attending this one via satellite, Reagan stated during a ball at the Washington Hilton Hotel.

In 1997, Bill Clinton's second inauguration was streamed live on the internet, thanks to the Telecommunications Act of 1996 that he signed a year prior at the Library of Congress.

"During his inaugural address, Clinton stated that the internet, which was once the exclusive domain of physicists, is now a widely used resource for millions of schoolchildren. He posed the question, "As we reflect on this remarkable century, can we aspire to surpass the accomplishments of the 20th century in America?""

With the growth of the internet, social media use also expanded.

At his second inaugural address in 2013, Barack Obama stated, "When times change, we must adapt."

In 2013, Obama's Twitter address generated over 1 million tweets, with 51% of Americans owning a smartphone at the time. When Trump was sworn into office in 2017, that percentage rose to 77%. Cellphone carriers installed extracellular antennas ahead of the address for the massive crowd that would be sharing photos and videos from the day's events on social media.

During his 2021 inauguration, Joe Biden's committee heavily relied on technology due to the pandemic, which necessitated most of the event taking place online.

During his address, Biden stated that the world is observing us and that America has been put to the test, but we have emerged stronger as a result.

by Bret Baier,Amy Munneke

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