The US agriculture industry is exploring the use of artificial intelligence: 'Great prospects'
Across the food supply chain, farmers and producers are being aided by new technologies.
In the 1930s, the United States had approximately 6.8 million farms with an average size of 155 acres. Over the following decades, the number of farms decreased to around 1.9 million in 2023, while their average size increased to 464 acres.
With advancements in technology, experts believe that incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) into farming practices can enhance efficiency and accelerate food production.
Mason Earles, an assistant professor at UC Davis in the departments of Viticulture & Enology and Biological & Agricultural Engineering and researcher at the AI Institute for Next Generation Food Systems or AIFS, believes that there is significant potential for increasing productivity on both the crop and resource sides. He suggests that data collection can help increase yields and improve nutritional quality. Additionally, he emphasizes the importance of facilitating reductions in labor availability.
Despite the number of job openings remaining the same, the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a 2% decline in workers through 2033. This is a 27% increase from those reporting labor shortages in 2014, and the most recent data shows 41% of farmers reported labor shortages in 2018. The trend is expected to continue.
Empowering workers and increasing productivity through innovative methods is not a new approach, but rather a way to do more with less, as stated by Ilias Tagkopoulos, a computer science professor at UC Davis and the director of AIFS.
The USDA Institute of Food and Agriculture funds AIFS as part of its initiative to increase research on AI's application in agriculture.
"Earles stated that at the Institute for Food Systems, they focus on making an impact in agriculture and food systems across the board. This includes the production of various types of vegetables, fruits, nuts, meats, and other foods. They believe there is a lot of potential for innovation in this field, from research and labs to startups and corporate innovation. Their goal is to facilitate and integrate this process."
According to a USDA study, only 27% of farmers are currently utilizing emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence. However, it is predicted that investment in this sector will increase significantly, from over $2 billion this year to more than $5 billion by 2028.
"Our vision is to create a healthier society and a more sustainable planet. Our mission is to use AI to achieve this goal by making businesses more productive and accelerating innovation. AI accomplishes this by focusing on what is important rather than what is out there."
Scientists are investigating ways to enhance data collection using AI technology such as sensors and robotics in the field.
Earles stated that one of AI's capabilities is its ability to quickly and accurately recognize patterns in large amounts of data.
Farmers can utilize technology to determine the optimal locations for fertilizer application and the most advantageous times for harvest.
Earles stated that there are numerous examples of processing millions of images per hour to detect damage caused by weeds, the presence of weeds or disease, and pests. This technology allows farmers to remove weeds or pests with precision, resulting in higher yields and better quality products for consumers.
A USDA project at the University of Arkansas is investigating the use of virtual reality to process poultry. Researchers will examine whether robots can be employed in the field while workers control the devices remotely. Although fewer workers may be required, the cost of the equipment is substantial.
Tagkopoulos stated that the challenge is to make the technology more cost-effective and practical, which is always a difficult task.
While indoor farming has high upfront costs, research suggests that it can lead to higher crop yields due to fewer weather-related challenges and year-round growth potential.
In the future, there will be more data generated, more AI tools available, and easier, less expensive ways to provide recommendations on irrigation, farming, and selling. Farmers will collaborate more, as they recognize the importance of sharing data. This is not about competition, but rather everyone benefiting from the collaboration.
In recent years, funding for controlled environments has been substantial. The USDA recently commenced a project at Cornell University to investigate grapes. The National Grape Improvement Center will assist scientists in examining climate-resilient grape varieties and cultivation techniques for growers.
"Earles stated that the potential of AI to help regulate indoor climates for growing fruits, veggies, and other crops is enormous, as it can optimize output and provide fresh and nutritious foods to urban and other areas where they may not be available."
